How do the Sola Scrptura folks react to the Dead Sea Scrolls and other more recent discoveries of ancient Biblical texts not among those canonized by Martin Luther?

In response to A2A:

Just as there are a few discrepancies between the Masoretic and Samaritan Torahs.

Actually, Luther was influenced by the books of the Masoretic Tanakh and did, originally, include the Apocrypha.

From an axiology/value theory point of view, how can one say that a diverse society is better than a uniform one, especially given the negative effects of diversity (racism, sectarian conflict, problems arising from extreme cultural relativism)?

If you study, you will find passages in the Orthodox Bible, not in the Catholic.

The influence of the Christian Old Testament was the Septuagint, which predates Jesus. Luther, also maintained the Septuagint philosophy of law, history, poetry and prophets, in ordering, while the Tanakh followed Torah, prophets (Nevi'im) and writings (Ketuvim).

The New Testament was established as part of creating a universal (catholic) interpretation for all Christians.

Scientists release a statement after identifying a strange object in space emitting signals to Earth every 44 minutes. - Farmingdale Observer

Even Jesus questioned how the Messiah was David's son.

Nuda Scriptira is scripture alone. Sola Scriptura is writings authority over traditions and does not imply Biblical inerrancy (see above in regards to Jesus, and genealogy to David).

However, if one is using the Bible as a premise and traditions, how does one evaluate discrepancies between the two, as traditions are interpretations of Bible passages as their claim for validation.

Has a conversation with someone who holds opposing political views ever caused you to change your own beliefs?

Since the Bible is a collection of writings (literally what biblia means), you will even find that while Matthew and Luke have genealogies, Paul wrote to Titus and Timothy not to pursue foolish genealogies.